AICAR
Also known as: Acadesine, AICA-Riboside, ZMP precursor
5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide Ribonucleotide | AMPK Activator
Overview
AICAR is a cell-permeable nucleoside analog that activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a key regulator of cellular energy homeostasis. Originally studied for cardiac ischemia protection, it gained attention as an 'exercise mimetic' due to its metabolic effects.
Key benefits
- AMPK pathway activation
- Enhanced fatty acid oxidation
- Improved glucose uptake
- Potential endurance enhancement
- Mitochondrial biogenesis stimulation
Mechanism of action
Once inside cells, AICAR is phosphorylated to ZMP, which mimics AMP and activates AMPK. This triggers metabolic pathways typically activated during exercise: increased glucose uptake, fatty acid oxidation, and mitochondrial biogenesis.
Molecular data
- Type
- Nucleoside analog
- Half-life
- ~2-3 hours
Indications
What the research community uses this compound for, with self-reported effectiveness.
Metabolic
Performance
Cardioprotection
Dosing protocols
Common protocols by delivery method. Adjust the curve below to model accumulation in your own cycle.
Delivery method
| Protocol | Dose | Frequency | Duration |
|---|---|---|---|
| — | 1-3mg | Daily | — |
| — | 1mg → 2mg → 3mg | Daily, titrating over 4 weeks | — |
| — | 3-5mg | Daily for 8-12 weeks | — |
Safety
Reported adverse effects, contraindications, and what to monitor on cycle.
Common side effects
- Injection site reactions
- Mild fatigue during adaptation
- Potential hypoglycemia
Contraindications
- Diabetes (risk of hypoglycemia)
- Cardiac conditions
- Pregnancy or breastfeeding
- Competitive athletes (WADA prohibited)
Monitoring
- Not FDA-approved for any indication
- WADA prohibited substance
- Monitor blood glucose, especially if diabetic
- Limited human safety data at research doses